How to Turn Off the Blue Light on a Netgear N 300
The Netgear N300 dual-band modem router has a large, glowing blue dome on its side, indicating the activity of the eight internal antennas. The dome flashes during wireless activity, which some people find distracting in low-light conditions. Turning off the N300 dome lights reduces the amount of light emitted by the router without affecting the colored LEDs on the front of the router. You can easily reinstate the dome lights if necessary
Instructions
1
Locate the large blue dome on the router's side. LEDs flash inside during wireless activity.
2
Quickly push and release the dome. The blue lights go out.
3
Tap the dome a second time to turn the lights back on.
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How to Start an LED Sign Business
How to Start an LED Sign Business
Signage is an effective way to advertise and market businesses and promotions. LED signs put your message in colors and lights for an attractive and illuminating marketing tool. Some LED signs are programmable and scroll information such as specials, hours of operation and other special messages, while others may flash to garner more attention. If you have an interest in the LED industry, your own sign business may be the profitable and fun venture you've been looking for.
Instructions
1
Develop a business plan. Creating a business plan is a vital step in the creation of your LED sign business. Your business plan should include an overview of your business, expected profits and plans for the future. The U.S. Small Business Administration website provides useful information for developing an accurate and complete business plan.
2
Register your business. For tax purposes, you will need to register your business with your state's Secretary of State office, and request an Employer Identification Number from the Internal Revenue Service.
3.Determine your location. Your location should be large enough to store inventory and allow room for expansion if necessary. For those who operate small operations, an LED sign business may be able to be run from your home.
4
Seek financing. Financing can be found in several places. Traditional bank financing, loans from family and friends and your own savings should all be considered. A complete and accurate business plan will be required for traditional bank financing.
5
Secure product. Wholesale LED suppliers can be found online. Reviewing product offerings and paying attention to the "best sellers" will help provide you with some basic information for the types of signs that may work well for your LED sign business.
6
Market your business. The primary audience for your signs will be local businesses, both new and established. Create a brochure or catalog with some of your favorite, and most profitable, LED signs and hand deliver them to businesses in your area.
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Signage is an effective way to advertise and market businesses and promotions. LED signs put your message in colors and lights for an attractive and illuminating marketing tool. Some LED signs are programmable and scroll information such as specials, hours of operation and other special messages, while others may flash to garner more attention. If you have an interest in the LED industry, your own sign business may be the profitable and fun venture you've been looking for.
Instructions
1
Develop a business plan. Creating a business plan is a vital step in the creation of your LED sign business. Your business plan should include an overview of your business, expected profits and plans for the future. The U.S. Small Business Administration website provides useful information for developing an accurate and complete business plan.
2
Register your business. For tax purposes, you will need to register your business with your state's Secretary of State office, and request an Employer Identification Number from the Internal Revenue Service.
3.Determine your location. Your location should be large enough to store inventory and allow room for expansion if necessary. For those who operate small operations, an LED sign business may be able to be run from your home.
4
Seek financing. Financing can be found in several places. Traditional bank financing, loans from family and friends and your own savings should all be considered. A complete and accurate business plan will be required for traditional bank financing.
5
Secure product. Wholesale LED suppliers can be found online. Reviewing product offerings and paying attention to the "best sellers" will help provide you with some basic information for the types of signs that may work well for your LED sign business.
6
Market your business. The primary audience for your signs will be local businesses, both new and established. Create a brochure or catalog with some of your favorite, and most profitable, LED signs and hand deliver them to businesses in your area.
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How to Convert from Halogen to LED
How to Convert from Halogen to LED
For those looking for a softer light source in their home, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) generate low-intensity light and are more power efficient than halogen bulbs. This will in time save the homeowner money on the electric bill. Many commonly used halogen bulbs draw more energy than they lead on. With the appropriate tools and patience, it is possible to convert a regular halogen bulb to an LED lamp. Some basic electronic and soldering skills are also required.
Instructions
1
Calculate the resistors you will need. This depends on the number of LEDs you are using and your supply voltage. There are several websites with LED array calculators to help you calculate this.
2
Remove the glass cover of the halogen bulb with the small screwdriver. Use the screwdriver to graze away the cement around the bulbs pins. When you have removed as much cement as you can, place the bulb's reflector housing face down and use the handle-side of the screwdriver to knock the bulb.
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3
Punch holes for the LEDs on the aluminum sheet. Make sure the holes are evenly distributed. Designing a template and gluing it to the aluminum beforehand will help.
4
Place the aluminum on a holder, such as a small glass or coffee mug, so you can insert the LEDs. With their legs up, put the LEDs into the holes. Make sure one cathode is next to another to simplify soldering.
5
Take your compound glue and place a drop on all of the led margins and around each LED. Be sure to not get any glue on the actual LED legs. Allow the glue to dry, then cut every other leg from the LEDs with scissors, making sure there is room for an anode to bend to the next cathode.
6
Bend every other leg to the adjacent leg, so that a positive goes to a negative. Solder all the positive legs together. Solder the resistors vertically to the negative legs.
7
Solder the resistor legs and the remaining legs together. Take the two copper wires and solder them to one positive and one negative leg. Make sure all glue has dried, then place the LED unit into the empty bulb housing until the copper wires come out the back.
8
Glue the spaces around the copper wires sticking out of the back of the housing. Mark the positive and negative copper wires. Cut the copper wire to the same length.
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How to Change the LED Light for the Power Button on Your PC
How to Change the LED Light for the Power Button on Your PC
While most power buttons on a desktop computer will still work even though the tiny LED light is broken, there is something reassuring about seeing the green, amber, or blue button light up when you power on your machine. It is possible to replace a dead LED bulb on many makes and models of desktop PCs, but some computers will not be so easily repaired. Some exploration “under the hood” is necessary.
Instructions
1
Turn off your machine and unplug all the cables in the back of the tower. Remove the side chassis cover and set it aside.
2
Use a handheld magnifying glass to examine the power connectors on the motherboard. This connector cluster is usually found on the lower right hand side of most motherboards. A half dozen small electrical wires will be seen coming off this connector cluster. On some computers and motherboards this power harness plug is made from one piece of plastic. Notice tiny labels like “HDD” or “LED” or “STANDBY.” Other types of connections feature individual plugs for each set of wires, each with its own label.
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3
Determine which type of plug you have. If the power connectors are grouped into one modular plug, you will have difficulty replacing just the “LED” wires. Contact the computer manufacturer to get a replacement for the entire harness. If the power connectors are separate, you can replace only the burnt-out LED section.
4
Unplug the LED connector from the connector cluster. Trace this line back to the front panel.
5
Remove the front panel of the computer. Depress the cover tabs inside the chassis frame. Pull the front panel away from the frame slowly. Do not use excessive force.
6
Examine the LED bulb. Take a photograph to record how the bulb is inserted in the plastic mounting. Free the old LED bulb carefully. Do not use force. Do not interfere with the actual power button electrical wires or mounting. The old LED bulb and the wires should come away free in your hand.
7
Take the bulb and the wires to a local computer parts store. Ask the clerk to help you find an exact replacement. In most cases “close enough” is not good enough: LED bulbs that are too large will not fit in the front panel correctly. If the store does not have a good replacement, try searching for the part on line.
8
Install a new LED bulb in the mounting. You may need to glue the bulb to the mounting: use Goop adhesive not "hot melt glue." Trail the wires back to the power connector cluster panel. Slip the connector on top of the proper wires on the connector cluster panel.
9
Plug the video cable and the power cord into the computer. Boot the computer. Notice whether the LED light comes on as expected. If it does not come on, troubleshoot to determine what could be wrong with your installation. Unplug the computer first. Check all the connections at the power connector panel. Retest.
10
Return the front panel to its place when the test is successful. Restore the chassis cover. Plug in all your computer cables. Turn the machine on.
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While most power buttons on a desktop computer will still work even though the tiny LED light is broken, there is something reassuring about seeing the green, amber, or blue button light up when you power on your machine. It is possible to replace a dead LED bulb on many makes and models of desktop PCs, but some computers will not be so easily repaired. Some exploration “under the hood” is necessary.
Instructions
1
Turn off your machine and unplug all the cables in the back of the tower. Remove the side chassis cover and set it aside.
2
Use a handheld magnifying glass to examine the power connectors on the motherboard. This connector cluster is usually found on the lower right hand side of most motherboards. A half dozen small electrical wires will be seen coming off this connector cluster. On some computers and motherboards this power harness plug is made from one piece of plastic. Notice tiny labels like “HDD” or “LED” or “STANDBY.” Other types of connections feature individual plugs for each set of wires, each with its own label.
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3
Determine which type of plug you have. If the power connectors are grouped into one modular plug, you will have difficulty replacing just the “LED” wires. Contact the computer manufacturer to get a replacement for the entire harness. If the power connectors are separate, you can replace only the burnt-out LED section.
4
Unplug the LED connector from the connector cluster. Trace this line back to the front panel.
5
Remove the front panel of the computer. Depress the cover tabs inside the chassis frame. Pull the front panel away from the frame slowly. Do not use excessive force.
6
Examine the LED bulb. Take a photograph to record how the bulb is inserted in the plastic mounting. Free the old LED bulb carefully. Do not use force. Do not interfere with the actual power button electrical wires or mounting. The old LED bulb and the wires should come away free in your hand.
7
Take the bulb and the wires to a local computer parts store. Ask the clerk to help you find an exact replacement. In most cases “close enough” is not good enough: LED bulbs that are too large will not fit in the front panel correctly. If the store does not have a good replacement, try searching for the part on line.
8
Install a new LED bulb in the mounting. You may need to glue the bulb to the mounting: use Goop adhesive not "hot melt glue." Trail the wires back to the power connector cluster panel. Slip the connector on top of the proper wires on the connector cluster panel.
9
Plug the video cable and the power cord into the computer. Boot the computer. Notice whether the LED light comes on as expected. If it does not come on, troubleshoot to determine what could be wrong with your installation. Unplug the computer first. Check all the connections at the power connector panel. Retest.
10
Return the front panel to its place when the test is successful. Restore the chassis cover. Plug in all your computer cables. Turn the machine on.
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What Are LED Wavelengths?
What Are LED Wavelengths?
From flashlights to massive monitors designed for stadiums and arenas around the world, light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, have become very important electrical components. Designing fascinating equipment such as surveillance cameras, monitors, traffic lights and flashing LED display signs requires knowledge of electronics as well as the wavelengths that various LEDs use.
The Importance of Knowing LED Wavelengths
Knowing LED wavelengths allows circuit designers to determine what color of light will an LED emit. The wavelength of an LED is dependent upon the semiconductor material and not because of the color of the package or the plastic housing of an individual LED. Some LEDs are capable of operating at various wavelengths, meaning that these kinds of LEDs can emit two or three colors depending on which lead or combinations thereof are activated.
White LEDs
White LEDs come in incandescent white, pale white and cool white. These white LEDs have a wavelength range from 4,500 K to nearly 12,000 K. These LEDs make use of a silicone-carbide or gallium-nitride LED dye compound, intensity between 2,000 mcd and 6,000 mcd at 20 mA and a 20-degree viewing angle. LED dye material consists of either silicone carbide or gallium nitride.
Blue LEDs
Blue LEDs have a wavelength ranging from 430 to 505 nm, an intensity of 100 to 2,000 mcd and a viewing angle of 45 degrees for the blue-green kind of color and 15 degrees for the rest. Blue LED dye material would be silicone carbide or gallium nitride.
Green LEDs
The green LEDs have wavelengths ranging from 525 to 570 nm, 80 to 1,000 mcd intensity and indium gallium aluminum phosphide as LED dye.
Yellow LEDs
Yellow LEDs may range from super lime yellow at 585 nm to an almost-orange super yellow at 595 nm. These LEDs have an intensity of 100 to 7,000 mcd and would make use of indium gallium aluminum phosphide as an LED dye.
Orange LEDs
The orange LEDs have wavelengths that would range from a standard orange at 605 mm to only 625 nm for a super orange LED. The intensity goes from 160 mcd up to 6,500. The LED dye material used for these orange LEDs would be indium gallium aluminum phosphide.
Red LEDs
Red LEDs have wavelengths that range from 633 to 660 nm. They have forward voltages of 1.8 to 2.2, an intensity of 200 to 3,500 mcd at 20 mA, a viewing angle of 15 degrees and a dye material made out of gallium arsenic phosphide or gallium aluminum arsenide.
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From flashlights to massive monitors designed for stadiums and arenas around the world, light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, have become very important electrical components. Designing fascinating equipment such as surveillance cameras, monitors, traffic lights and flashing LED display signs requires knowledge of electronics as well as the wavelengths that various LEDs use.
The Importance of Knowing LED Wavelengths
Knowing LED wavelengths allows circuit designers to determine what color of light will an LED emit. The wavelength of an LED is dependent upon the semiconductor material and not because of the color of the package or the plastic housing of an individual LED. Some LEDs are capable of operating at various wavelengths, meaning that these kinds of LEDs can emit two or three colors depending on which lead or combinations thereof are activated.
White LEDs
White LEDs come in incandescent white, pale white and cool white. These white LEDs have a wavelength range from 4,500 K to nearly 12,000 K. These LEDs make use of a silicone-carbide or gallium-nitride LED dye compound, intensity between 2,000 mcd and 6,000 mcd at 20 mA and a 20-degree viewing angle. LED dye material consists of either silicone carbide or gallium nitride.
Blue LEDs
Blue LEDs have a wavelength ranging from 430 to 505 nm, an intensity of 100 to 2,000 mcd and a viewing angle of 45 degrees for the blue-green kind of color and 15 degrees for the rest. Blue LED dye material would be silicone carbide or gallium nitride.
Green LEDs
The green LEDs have wavelengths ranging from 525 to 570 nm, 80 to 1,000 mcd intensity and indium gallium aluminum phosphide as LED dye.
Yellow LEDs
Yellow LEDs may range from super lime yellow at 585 nm to an almost-orange super yellow at 595 nm. These LEDs have an intensity of 100 to 7,000 mcd and would make use of indium gallium aluminum phosphide as an LED dye.
Orange LEDs
The orange LEDs have wavelengths that would range from a standard orange at 605 mm to only 625 nm for a super orange LED. The intensity goes from 160 mcd up to 6,500. The LED dye material used for these orange LEDs would be indium gallium aluminum phosphide.
Red LEDs
Red LEDs have wavelengths that range from 633 to 660 nm. They have forward voltages of 1.8 to 2.2, an intensity of 200 to 3,500 mcd at 20 mA, a viewing angle of 15 degrees and a dye material made out of gallium arsenic phosphide or gallium aluminum arsenide.
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2014年7月21日星期一
How to Concentrate LED Light
How to Concentrate LED Light
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor chips that put out light far more efficiently than incandescent or fluorescent bulbs. Add in the potential that LED light sources can last 10 years or more, and you have the nearly perfect light source. But LEDs are inherently non-directional -- they shine light in all directions. Manufacturers make this a little handier for designers by putting light extraction mechanisms within the chip itself. Still, to concentrate the light in a bright cone of illumination, additional optics are required. A particularly useful design is called a non-imaging concentrator, in particular, a type called a compound parabolic concentrator, or CPC.
Instructions
1
Select a high-power LED. This can be a single "superbright" white LED, an array of white LEDs, or several colored LEDs all assembled on a single flat carrier.
2
Obtain the specification sheet for the selected LED and determine the area of the light emitting region.
3
Determine the desired angular spread of the beam. A smaller angle will be brighter, but cover less area, while a larger angle means a larger area is lit, but less brightly.
4
Calculate the diameter of the output aperture, using the formula that the diameter of the output aperture is equal to the diameter of the active area of the LED determined in Step 2, divided by the sine of the angle determined in Step 3.
For example, if the LED area is contained within a diameter of 12 mm and the desired output angle is 15 degrees, the output aperture is 12 mm / sin(15°) = 46 mm.
5
Select a CPC with the input aperture determined in Step 2 and an output aperture as calculated in Step 4.
For the example, the input aperture is 12 mm and the output aperture is 46 mm. Any CPC with those apertures will concentrate more than 95 percent of the light into the output cone. If the desired CPC is not available off-the-shelf, follow the "string method" in the references to define the needed optic.
Tips & Warnings
There are other types of non-imaging optics that can effectively concentrate LED light.
The Julio Chaves book provides a more detailed introduction to the entire topic of non-imaging optics.
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